X-by-wire System
Among the three core systems of autonomous driving—perception and recognition, decision-making and planning, and control execution—the one most closely related to the traditional automotive component industry is the control execution system, which includes drive control, steering control, and brake control.
X-by-wire is an engineering term, referred to as electronic by-wire in Chinese, indicating that a component is controlled by electronic signals instead of mechanical connections or hydraulic systems. Since its English terminology ends with "by-wire," it is collectively called X-by-wire. The "X" represents the original system or function.
New functionalities like autonomous driving achieve the transformation of traditional automotive chassis through electronic signal-based by-wire systems. These mainly include five key systems: by-wire steering, by-wire braking, by-wire shifting, by-wire throttle, and by-wire suspension.
The in-vehicle network (CAN FD / LIN / FlexRay / Ethernet) is a highly interconnected system, with over 100 ECUs communicating with other systems within the vehicle.
Development Achievements of International Automakers
Current by-wire shifting technology has evolved from traditional mechanical manual gear shifts to electronic signal outputs via handles, paddles, rotary dials, or buttons. By employing by-wire shifting technology, all functions are integrated. Its compact design frees up space and provides greater flexibility in placement.
